Summary of basic case endings
| Nominative | subject | what does the verb |
| Accusative | (direct) object | what the verb is done to |
| Genitive | 'of' | |
| Dative: | (indirect object) | 'to, for' |
| Ablative: | 'by, with, from' |
| Nominative | subject | what does the verb |
| Accusative | (direct) object | what the verb is done to |
| Genitive | 'of' | |
| Dative: | (indirect object) | 'to, for' |
| Ablative: | 'by, with, from' |