Overview
Result clauses, also known as consecutive clauses, are those in which the first part of the sentence has an effect on the second part of the sentence.
They are recognised by a word for 'so ...' in the first part of the sentence. Many of these are linked to the Latin words for 'how ...', known as correlatives. e.g.:
| tam, sic, ita | so | adeo | to such an extent |
| talis | of such a kind | qualis | of what kind |
| totie(n)s | so often | quotiens | how often |
| tot | so many | quot | how many |
| tantus | so great | quantus | how big |
| tantum | so much, many, to such a degree | quantum | how much, many |
In Latin these are formed using ut + subjunctive.
The negative is formed using ut non + subjunctive (NOT ne). Alternatives to ut non: ut nemo, ut nullus, ut numquam etc.
The tenses of the subjunctive follow the sequence of tenses. A future subjunctive is created for future results, made up of a future participle and the present subjunctive of sum. There is, however, exception: the perfect subjunctive can be used after a secondary verb when either the result was not continuous, and was completed, or the result did definitely follow.
Notes:
- there does not have to be a demonstrative trigger word preceding the subordinate clause.
- result clauses can be introduced by qui rather than ut.
