Overview

Final clauses express the reason for doing something.

They are usually marked in Latin by

1. ut + subjunctive for a positive clause
2. ne + subjunctive for a negative clause

The tense of the subjunctive follows rules laid down by the sequence of tenses.

Notes

1. to say 'in order that x and not y' you use ut ...neu/neve.
2. if the subject of the purpose clause is the same as the subject or object of the main clause, qui, quae, quod is often used instead of ut.
3. purpose clauses containing the comparative form of an adjective or adverb are usually introduced by quo.
4. Purpose clauses can be used parenthetically in phrases such as ut ita dicam - so to say
5. useful vocab: in order that:

   no-one	ne quis
   nothing	ne quid
   no	ne ullus, a, um
   never	ne umquam
   nowhere	ne usquam

6. other ways of expressing purpose:
   1. ad + accusative of gerund
      ad pacem petendam
   2. causa + genitive of gerund
      pacis petendae causa
   3. supine pacem petitum (only used after verbs of motion, lusum it Maecenas, dormitum ego (Horace).